Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has emerged as a promising alternative to metal and traditional acrylic materials in removable partial denture (RPDP) frameworks due to its biocompatibility, radiolucency, and favorable mechanical properties. However, one major challenge in clinical application is achieving a durable bond between the PEEK framework and the acrylic resin denture base. The inherent chemical inertness and low surface energy of PEEK hinder effective adhesion, leading to potential debonding and prosthetic failure. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of various surface treatments on the bond strength between PEEK frameworks and heat-cured acrylic resin (Paladon 65; Kulzer GmbH).
A total of 80 cylindrical specimens were fabricated from PEEK (BioHPP; Bredent GmbH & Co. KG), each measuring 10 mm in diameter and 20 mm in height. Specimens were divided into four groups of 20, with each group subjected to a different surface treatment: Group A (control) – no treatment; Group B – sandblasting with 50 μm aluminum oxide particles at 2 bar pressure; Group C – chemical etching using 96% sulfuric acid for 3 minutes followed by thorough rinsing; Group D – combined sandblasting and chemical etching. After treatment, all surfaces were cleaned with ethanol and dried under nitrogen. A layer of acrylic resin was then applied to the treated surface using a standardized mold, and polymerization was carried out under standard conditions.
The bond strength was assessed using a universal testing machine (Instron 5969) equipped with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.134-04-3 Description The specimens were loaded perpendicularly until failure occurred, and the maximum load at fracture (in Newtons) was recorded. The mode of failure—adhesive, cohesive, or mixed—was analyzed under a digital microscope at 20× magnification. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05).
Results showed significant differences in bond strength among the groups. The control group (Group A) exhibited the lowest mean bond strength (14.7 ± 2.1 N), with complete adhesive failure observed at the interface. Sandblasting alone (Group B) significantly improved bond strength (28.5 ± 3.4 N, p < 0.001), resulting in mixed-type failures. Chemical etching (Group C) yielded moderate improvement (23.6 ± 2.8 N), with predominantly adhesive failure but some cohesive material separation. The highest bond strength was achieved in Group D (combined treatment), with a mean value of 41.2 ± 4.7 N (p < 0.001 compared to all other groups). Failure mode in this group was primarily cohesive within the acrylic resin, indicating strong interfacial bonding.55079-83-9 custom synthesis
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that sandblasting created micro-irregularities on the PEEK surface, increasing surface area and mechanical retention. Chemical etching introduced micro-pits and roughened textures, enhancing surface energy and promoting chemical interaction. The combination of both techniques produced synergistic effects: mechanical interlocking from sandblasting was complemented by enhanced surface reactivity from chemical modification, leading to optimal adhesion.
These findings highlight the critical role of surface preparation in ensuring reliable bonding between PEEK and acrylic resin. While no treatment results in poor adhesion, individual methods such as sandblasting or chemical etching offer measurable improvements.PMID:30969623 However, the combination of both techniques provides the most robust bond, minimizing the risk of debonding during clinical use.
In clinical practice, incorporating a dual surface treatment protocol—sandblasting followed by chemical etching—can significantly enhance the longevity and reliability of PEEK-based RPDPs. This approach not only improves mechanical retention but also increases surface wettability and chemical compatibility with the resin matrix. Despite the added steps, the long-term benefits in terms of reduced repair rates and improved patient satisfaction justify the extra effort.
In conclusion, surface treatment is essential for achieving clinically acceptable bond strength between PEEK frameworks and acrylic resin bases. Among the evaluated methods, combined sandblasting and chemical etching demonstrated the highest bond strength and most favorable failure pattern. This protocol should be considered standard practice when fabricating hybrid PEEK-acrylic RPDPs to ensure durable, high-performance prostheses. Future studies should explore the long-term durability of these bonds under simulated oral conditions.MedChemExpress (MCE) offers a wide range of high-quality research chemicals and biochemicals (novel life-science reagents, reference compounds and natural compounds) for scientific use. We have professionally experienced and friendly staff to meet your needs. We are a competent and trustworthy partner for your research and scientific projects.Related websites: https://www.medchemexpress.com