E is identified by the peaks at 712 and 1082 cm-1 [36,37]. The band
E is identified by the peaks at 712 and 1082 cm-1 [36,37]. The band at about 710 cm-1 for the mortar samples was assigned for the deformation vibration of the C-O band in aragonite and calcite. The vibrations observed at 2512, 1417, 872, and 711 cm-1 show the presence of dolomite. Si-O stretching vibrations observed at 787 and 464 cm-1 are attributed for the presence of quartz and clay minerals. The peaks at 467, 1027, and 1630 cm-1 are characteristic with the PX-478 Autophagy illite phase. The occurrence of bands at 1078, 1027, 726, and 690 cm-1 assistance the presence of anorthite in the structure. The bands at 1085 and 1004 cm-1 document the presence of corrensite, whereas the bands at 3620, 1006, 789, 464, and 422 cm-1 indicate kaolinite. The characteristic peaks of vermiculite have been obtained at 987 cm-1 and 450 cm-1 . The vibrations obtained at 3649, 1042, 874, and 516 cm-1 showed the presence of montmorillonite, whereas bands at 990, 788, 464, and 421 cm-1 indicate albite [21]. The vibration band centered at approximately 455 cm-1 is related with all the Al-O bonds that originate from the aluminosilicates [21].Heritage 2021,aluminosilicates [21]. The FTIR final results are useful in identifying different types of minerals present inside the structure and confirm the outcomes of XRD evaluation. Since the fine fraction was analyzed, the identification of clay by way of FTIR is really a cost-effective option in clay analysis that 3916 overcomes the laborious and non-environmentally friendly procedures involved in the dissolution of clays in organic solvents [38].Figure 5. FTIR analysis final results with the fine fraction (63) of samples (a) KM1, (b) KM5, (c) KM6, Figure 5. FTIR analysis outcomes on the fine fraction (63) of samples (a) KM1, (b) KM5, (c) KM6, (d) KM10, (e) KM29, (f) KM31, (g) KM32, (h) KM34, (i)KM42, (j) KM47 and (k) neighborhood clay. (d) KM10, (e) KM29, (f) KM31, (g) KM32, (h) KM34, (i) KM42, (j) KM47 and (k) local clay.The FTIR outcomes are beneficial in identifying various types of minerals present within the structure and confirm the results of XRD evaluation. Since the fine fraction was analyzed, the identification of clay by way of FTIR is usually a cost-effective alternative in clay evaluation that overcomes the laborious and non-environmentally friendly procedures involved within the dissolution of clays in organic solvents [38]. four. Conclusions The analysis of mortar samples with stereomicroscopy, XRD, XRF, and FTIR shos that the samples are primarily composed of calcite and silicates in key quantities in conjunction with aluminum, magnesium, and iron oxide in minor quantities. A wide wide variety of local aggregates and ceramic fragments have been employed within the production of these ancient mortars. The high 3-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid Cancer calcitic nature with the samples is attributed for the use of lime as a binder, together with earthen material and aggregates of a carbonaceous nature. Additional especially, the local earthen material (KM clay) employed inside the production of mortars contains substantial amounts of calcite in its structure. Samples are divided into two groups; lime binder mortars and earthen binder mortars. The very first group contains a high quantity of lime, pretty fine grain sand (0.five mm), and fibers (straw), whereas the second group exhibits a higher level of earthen binder and sea sand with sea shells of varying quantities and size inside the mortar matrix. The binder to aggregate ratio differed in the studied samples, ranging from 1/3 to 1/2. Lime lumps observed within a few samples indicate that either the binder was not homogeneously mixed together with the agg.